Node.js v22.12.0 文档

os.EOL#

• <string>

操作系统特定的行尾标记。

¥The operating system-specific end-of-line marker.

• POSIX 上是 \n

  ¥\n on POSIX

• Windows 上是 \r\n

  ¥\r\n on Windows

os.availableParallelism()#

• 返回：<integer>

  ¥Returns: <integer>

返回程序应使用的默认并行度的估计值。总是返回一个大于零的值。

¥Returns an estimate of the default amount of parallelism a program should use. Always returns a value greater than zero.

此函数是对 libuv 的 uv_available_parallelism() 的一个小封装。

¥This function is a small wrapper about libuv's uv_available_parallelism().

os.arch()#

• 返回：<string>

  ¥Returns: <string>

返回为其编译 Node.js 二进制文件的操作系统 CPU 架构。可能的值为 'arm'、'arm64'、'ia32'、'loong64'、'mips'、'mipsel'、'ppc'、'ppc64'、'riscv64'、's390'、's390x' 和 'x64'。

¥Returns the operating system CPU architecture for which the Node.js binary was compiled. Possible values are 'arm', 'arm64', 'ia32', 'loong64', 'mips', 'mipsel', 'ppc', 'ppc64', 'riscv64', 's390', 's390x', and 'x64'.

返回值相当于 process.arch。

¥The return value is equivalent to process.arch.

os.constants#

• <Object>

包含用于错误码、进程信号等的常用操作系统特定常量。定义的具体常量在 操作系统常量 中描述。

¥Contains commonly used operating system-specific constants for error codes, process signals, and so on. The specific constants defined are described in OS constants.

os.cpus()#

• 返回：<Object[]>

  ¥Returns: <Object[]>

返回包含有关每个逻辑 CPU 内核的信息的对象数组。如果没有可用的 CPU 信息，例如 /proc 文件系统不可用，则该数组将为空。

¥Returns an array of objects containing information about each logical CPU core. The array will be empty if no CPU information is available, such as if the /proc file system is unavailable.

每个对象上包含的属性包括：

¥The properties included on each object include:

• model <string>

• speed <number> （以兆赫为单位）

  ¥speed <number> (in MHz)

• times <Object>

  • user <number> CPU 在用户模式下花费的毫秒数。

    ¥user <number> The number of milliseconds the CPU has spent in user mode.

  • nice <number> CPU 在良好模式下花费的毫秒数。

    ¥nice <number> The number of milliseconds the CPU has spent in nice mode.

  • sys <number> CPU 在系统模式下花费的毫秒数。

    ¥sys <number> The number of milliseconds the CPU has spent in sys mode.

  • idle <number> CPU 在空闲模式下花费的毫秒数。

    ¥idle <number> The number of milliseconds the CPU has spent in idle mode.

  • irq <number> CPU 在中断请求模式下花费的毫秒数。

    ¥irq <number> The number of milliseconds the CPU has spent in irq mode.

[
  {
    model: 'Intel(R) Core(TM) i7 CPU         860  @ 2.80GHz',
    speed: 2926,
    times: {
      user: 252020,
      nice: 0,
      sys: 30340,
      idle: 1070356870,
      irq: 0,
    },
  },
  {
    model: 'Intel(R) Core(TM) i7 CPU         860  @ 2.80GHz',
    speed: 2926,
    times: {
      user: 306960,
      nice: 0,
      sys: 26980,
      idle: 1071569080,
      irq: 0,
    },
  },
  {
    model: 'Intel(R) Core(TM) i7 CPU         860  @ 2.80GHz',
    speed: 2926,
    times: {
      user: 248450,
      nice: 0,
      sys: 21750,
      idle: 1070919370,
      irq: 0,
    },
  },
  {
    model: 'Intel(R) Core(TM) i7 CPU         860  @ 2.80GHz',
    speed: 2926,
    times: {
      user: 256880,
      nice: 0,
      sys: 19430,
      idle: 1070905480,
      irq: 20,
    },
  },
] 拷贝

nice 值仅适用于 POSIX。在 Windows 上，所有处理器的 nice 值始终为 0。

¥nice values are POSIX-only. On Windows, the nice values of all processors are always 0.

os.cpus().length 不应用于计算应用可用的并行度。为此使用 os.availableParallelism()。

¥os.cpus().length should not be used to calculate the amount of parallelism available to an application. Use os.availableParallelism() for this purpose.

os.devNull#

• <string>

空设备的特定于平台的文件路径。

¥The platform-specific file path of the null device.

• Windows 上是 \\.\nul

  ¥\\.\nul on Windows

• POSIX 上是 /dev/null

  ¥/dev/null on POSIX

os.endianness()#

• 返回：<string>

  ¥Returns: <string>

返回标识为其编译 Node.js 二进制文件的 CPU 的字节序的字符串。

¥Returns a string identifying the endianness of the CPU for which the Node.js binary was compiled.

可能的值是大端序的 'BE' 和小端序的 'LE'。

¥Possible values are 'BE' for big endian and 'LE' for little endian.

os.freemem()#

• 返回：<integer>

  ¥Returns: <integer>

以整数形式返回空闲的系统内存量（以字节为单位）。

¥Returns the amount of free system memory in bytes as an integer.

os.getPriority([pid])#

• pid <integer> 要为其检索调度优先级的进程 ID。默认值：0。

  ¥pid <integer> The process ID to retrieve scheduling priority for. Default: 0.

• 返回：<integer>

  ¥Returns: <integer>

返回由 pid 指定的进程的调度优先级。如果未提供 pid 或为 0，则返回当前进程的优先级。

¥Returns the scheduling priority for the process specified by pid. If pid is not provided or is 0, the priority of the current process is returned.

os.homedir()#

• 返回：<string>

  ¥Returns: <string>

返回当前用户的主目录的字符串路径。

¥Returns the string path of the current user's home directory.

在 POSIX 上，它使用 $HOME 环境变量（如果已定义）。否则它使用 有效的 UID 来查找用户的主目录。

¥On POSIX, it uses the $HOME environment variable if defined. Otherwise it uses the effective UID to look up the user's home directory.

在 Windows 上，它使用 USERPROFILE 环境变量（如果已定义）。否则，它使用当前用户的配置文件目录的路径。

¥On Windows, it uses the USERPROFILE environment variable if defined. Otherwise it uses the path to the profile directory of the current user.

os.hostname()#

• 返回：<string>

  ¥Returns: <string>

以字符串形式返回操作系统的主机名。

¥Returns the host name of the operating system as a string.

os.loadavg()#

• 返回：<number[]>

  ¥Returns: <number[]>

返回包含 1、5 和 15 分钟平均负载的数组。

¥Returns an array containing the 1, 5, and 15 minute load averages.

平均负载是操作系统计算的系统活动量度，并表示为小数。

¥The load average is a measure of system activity calculated by the operating system and expressed as a fractional number.

平均负载是 Unix 特有的概念。在 Windows 上，返回值始终为 [0, 0, 0]。

¥The load average is a Unix-specific concept. On Windows, the return value is always [0, 0, 0].

os.machine()#

• 返回：<string>

  ¥Returns: <string>

以字符串形式返回机器类型，例如 arm、arm64、aarch64、mips、mips64、ppc64、ppc64le、s390、s390x、i386、i686、x86_64。

¥Returns the machine type as a string, such as arm, arm64, aarch64, mips, mips64, ppc64, ppc64le, s390, s390x, i386, i686, x86_64.

在 POSIX 系统上，机器类型是通过调用 uname(3) 来确定的。在 Windows 上，使用 RtlGetVersion()，如果不可用，则将使用 GetVersionExW()。有关详细信息，请参阅 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uname#Examples。

¥On POSIX systems, the machine type is determined by calling uname(3). On Windows, RtlGetVersion() is used, and if it is not available, GetVersionExW() will be used. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uname#Examples for more information.

os.networkInterfaces()#

• 返回：<Object>

  ¥Returns: <Object>

返回包含已分配网络地址的网络接口的对象。

¥Returns an object containing network interfaces that have been assigned a network address.

返回对象上的每个键都标识一个网络接口。关联的值是每个对象描述一个分配的网络地址的对象数组。

¥Each key on the returned object identifies a network interface. The associated value is an array of objects that each describe an assigned network address.

分配的网络地址对象上可用的属性包括：

¥The properties available on the assigned network address object include:

• address <string> 分配的 IPv4 或 IPv6 地址

  ¥address <string> The assigned IPv4 or IPv6 address

• netmask <string> IPv4 或 IPv6 网络掩码

  ¥netmask <string> The IPv4 or IPv6 network mask

• family <string> IPv4 或 IPv6

  ¥family <string> Either IPv4 or IPv6

• mac <string> 网络接口的 MAC 地址

  ¥mac <string> The MAC address of the network interface

• internal <boolean> true 如果网络接口是环回接口或不可远程访问的类似接口；否则 false

  ¥internal <boolean> true if the network interface is a loopback or similar interface that is not remotely accessible; otherwise false

• scopeid <number> 数字的 IPv6 范围 ID（仅在 family 为 IPv6 时指定）

  ¥scopeid <number> The numeric IPv6 scope ID (only specified when family is IPv6)

• cidr <string> 使用 CIDR 表示法的路由前缀分配的 IPv4 或 IPv6 地址。如果 netmask 无效，则此属性设置为 null。

  ¥cidr <string> The assigned IPv4 or IPv6 address with the routing prefix in CIDR notation. If the netmask is invalid, this property is set to null.

{
  lo: [
    {
      address: '127.0.0.1',
      netmask: '255.0.0.0',
      family: 'IPv4',
      mac: '00:00:00:00:00:00',
      internal: true,
      cidr: '127.0.0.1/8'
    },
    {
      address: '::1',
      netmask: 'ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff',
      family: 'IPv6',
      mac: '00:00:00:00:00:00',
      scopeid: 0,
      internal: true,
      cidr: '::1/128'
    }
  ],
  eth0: [
    {
      address: '192.168.1.108',
      netmask: '255.255.255.0',
      family: 'IPv4',
      mac: '01:02:03:0a:0b:0c',
      internal: false,
      cidr: '192.168.1.108/24'
    },
    {
      address: 'fe80::a00:27ff:fe4e:66a1',
      netmask: 'ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::',
      family: 'IPv6',
      mac: '01:02:03:0a:0b:0c',
      scopeid: 1,
      internal: false,
      cidr: 'fe80::a00:27ff:fe4e:66a1/64'
    }
  ]
} 拷贝

os.platform()#

• 返回：<string>

  ¥Returns: <string>

返回标识为其编译 Node.js 二进制文件的操作系统平台的字符串。该值在编译时设置。可能的值为 'aix'、'darwin'、'freebsd'、'linux'、'openbsd'、'sunos'、以及 'win32'。

¥Returns a string identifying the operating system platform for which the Node.js binary was compiled. The value is set at compile time. Possible values are 'aix', 'darwin', 'freebsd','linux', 'openbsd', 'sunos', and 'win32'.

返回值相当于 process.platform。

¥The return value is equivalent to process.platform.

如果 Node.js 是在安卓操作系统上构建的，则也可能返回值 'android'。Android 支持是实验性的。

¥The value 'android' may also be returned if Node.js is built on the Android operating system. Android support is experimental.

os.release()#

• 返回：<string>

  ¥Returns: <string>

以字符串形式返回操作系统。

¥Returns the operating system as a string.

在 POSIX 系统上，操作系统版本是通过调用 uname(3) 来确定的。在 Windows 上，使用 GetVersionExW()。有关详细信息，请参阅 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uname#Examples。

¥On POSIX systems, the operating system release is determined by calling uname(3). On Windows, GetVersionExW() is used. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uname#Examples for more information.

os.setPriority([pid, ]priority)#

• pid <integer> 要为其设置调度优先级的进程 ID。默认值：0。

  ¥pid <integer> The process ID to set scheduling priority for. Default: 0.

• priority <integer> 分配给进程的调度优先级。

  ¥priority <integer> The scheduling priority to assign to the process.

尝试为 pid 指定的进程设置调度优先级。如果未提供 pid 或为 0，则使用当前进程的进程 ID。

¥Attempts to set the scheduling priority for the process specified by pid. If pid is not provided or is 0, the process ID of the current process is used.

priority 输入必须是 -20（高优先级）和 19（低优先级）之间的整数。由于 Unix 优先级和 Windows 优先级之间的差异，priority 映射到 os.constants.priority 中的六个优先级常量之一。当检索进程优先级时，此范围映射可能会导致返回值在 Windows 上略有不同。为避免混淆，请将 priority 设置为优先级常量之一。

¥The priority input must be an integer between -20 (high priority) and 19 (low priority). Due to differences between Unix priority levels and Windows priority classes, priority is mapped to one of six priority constants in os.constants.priority. When retrieving a process priority level, this range mapping may cause the return value to be slightly different on Windows. To avoid confusion, set priority to one of the priority constants.

在 Windows 上，将优先级设置为 PRIORITY_HIGHEST 需要提升用户权限。否则设置的优先级将被静默地降低到 PRIORITY_HIGH。

¥On Windows, setting priority to PRIORITY_HIGHEST requires elevated user privileges. Otherwise the set priority will be silently reduced to PRIORITY_HIGH.

os.tmpdir()#

• 返回：<string>

  ¥Returns: <string>

以字符串形式返回操作系统默认的临时文件的目录。

¥Returns the operating system's default directory for temporary files as a string.

在 Windows 上，结果可以被 TEMP 和 TMP 环境变量覆盖，并且 TEMP 优先于 TMP。如果两者都未设置，则默认为 %SystemRoot%\temp 或 %windir%\temp。

¥On Windows, the result can be overridden by TEMP and TMP environment variables, and TEMP takes precedence over TMP. If neither is set, it defaults to %SystemRoot%\temp or %windir%\temp.

在非 Windows 平台上，将按所述顺序检查 TMPDIR、TMP 和 TEMP 环境变量以覆盖此方法的结果。如果两者都未设置，则默认为 /tmp。

¥On non-Windows platforms, TMPDIR, TMP and TEMP environment variables will be checked to override the result of this method, in the described order. If none of them is set, it defaults to /tmp.

某些操作系统发行版会默认配置 TMPDIR（非 Windows）或 TEMP 和 TMP（Windows），而无需系统管理员进行其他配置。os.tmpdir() 的结果通常反映系统偏好，除非用户明确覆盖它。

¥Some operating system distributions would either configure TMPDIR (non-Windows) or TEMP and TMP (Windows) by default without additional configurations by the system administrators. The result of os.tmpdir() typically reflects the system preference unless it's explicitly overridden by the users.

os.totalmem()#

• 返回：<integer>

  ¥Returns: <integer>

以整数形式返回系统内存总量（以字节为单位）。

¥Returns the total amount of system memory in bytes as an integer.

os.type()#

• 返回：<string>

  ¥Returns: <string>

返回 uname(3) 返回的操作系统名称。例如，它在 Linux 上返回 'Linux'，在 macOS 上返回 'Darwin'，在 Windows 上返回 'Windows_NT'。

¥Returns the operating system name as returned by uname(3). For example, it returns 'Linux' on Linux, 'Darwin' on macOS, and 'Windows_NT' on Windows.

有关在各种操作系统上运行 uname(3) 的输出的更多信息，请参阅 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uname#Examples。

¥See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uname#Examples for additional information about the output of running uname(3) on various operating systems.

os.uptime()#

• 返回：<integer>

  ¥Returns: <integer>

以秒为单位返回系统正常运行时间。

¥Returns the system uptime in number of seconds.

os.userInfo([options])#

• options <Object>

  • encoding <string> 用于解释结果字符串的字符编码。如果 encoding 设置为 'buffer'，则 username、shell 和 homedir 的值将是 Buffer 实例。默认值：'utf8'。

    ¥encoding <string> Character encoding used to interpret resulting strings. If encoding is set to 'buffer', the username, shell, and homedir values will be Buffer instances. Default: 'utf8'.

• 返回：<Object>

  ¥Returns: <Object>

返回有关当前有效用户的信息。在 POSIX 平台上，这通常是密码文件的子集。返回的对象包括 username、uid、gid、shell 和 homedir。在 Windows 上，uid 和 gid 字段是 -1，而 shell 是 null。

¥Returns information about the currently effective user. On POSIX platforms, this is typically a subset of the password file. The returned object includes the username, uid, gid, shell, and homedir. On Windows, the uid and gid fields are -1, and shell is null.

os.userInfo() 返回的 homedir 的值由操作系统提供。这与 os.homedir() 的结果不同，后者在回退到操作系统响应之前查询主目录的环境变量。

¥The value of homedir returned by os.userInfo() is provided by the operating system. This differs from the result of os.homedir(), which queries environment variables for the home directory before falling back to the operating system response.

如果用户没有 username 或 homedir，则抛出 SystemError。

¥Throws a SystemError if a user has no username or homedir.

os.version()#

• 返回：<string>

  ¥Returns: <string>

返回标识内核版本的字符串。

¥Returns a string identifying the kernel version.

在 POSIX 系统上，操作系统版本是通过调用 uname(3) 来确定的。在 Windows 上，使用 RtlGetVersion()，如果不可用，则将使用 GetVersionExW()。有关详细信息，请参阅 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uname#Examples。

¥On POSIX systems, the operating system release is determined by calling uname(3). On Windows, RtlGetVersion() is used, and if it is not available, GetVersionExW() will be used. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uname#Examples for more information.

操作系统常量#

¥OS constants

以下常量由 os.constants 导出。

¥The following constants are exported by os.constants.

并非所有常量都适用于每个操作系统。

¥Not all constants will be available on every operating system.

信号常量#

¥Signal constants

以下信号常量由 os.constants.signals 导出。

¥The following signal constants are exported by os.constants.signals.

错误常量#

¥Error constants

以下错误常量由 os.constants.errno 导出。

¥The following error constants are exported by os.constants.errno.

POSIX 错误常量#

¥POSIX error constants

Windows 特定的错误常量#

¥Windows-specific error constants

以下错误码特定于 Windows 操作系统。

¥The following error codes are specific to the Windows operating system.

dlopen 常量#

¥dlopen constants

如果在操作系统上可用，则在 os.constants.dlopen 中导出以下常量。详细信息请参见 dlopen(3)。

¥If available on the operating system, the following constants are exported in os.constants.dlopen. See dlopen(3) for detailed information.

优先级常量#

¥Priority constants

以下进程调度常量由 os.constants.priority 导出。

¥The following process scheduling constants are exported by os.constants.priority.

libuv 常量#

¥libuv constants