使用 Node.js 读取文件

🌐 Reading files with Node.js

在 Node.js 中读取文件最简单的方法是使用 fs.readFile() 方法，传入文件路径、编码以及一个回调函数，该函数将在读取文件数据（以及错误）时被调用：

🌐 The simplest way to read a file in Node.js is to use the fs.readFile() method, passing it the file path, encoding and a callback function that will be called with the file data (and the error):

const fs = require('node:fs');

fs.readFile('/Users/joe/test.txt', 'utf8', (err, data) => {
  if (err) {
    console.error(err);
    return;
  }
  console.log(data);
});

JavaScript

import fs from 'node:fs';

fs.readFile('/Users/joe/test.txt', 'utf8', (err, data) => {
  if (err) {
    console.error(err);
    return;
  }
  console.log(data);
});

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或者，你可以使用同步版本 fs.readFileSync()：

🌐 Alternatively, you can use the synchronous version fs.readFileSync():

const fs = require('node:fs');

try {
  const data = fs.readFileSync('/Users/joe/test.txt', 'utf8');
  console.log(data);
} catch (err) {
  console.error(err);
}

JavaScript

import fs from 'node:fs';

try {
  const data = fs.readFileSync('/Users/joe/test.txt', 'utf8');
  console.log(data);
} catch (err) {
  console.error(err);
}

JavaScript

你也可以使用 fs/promises 模块提供的基于 Promise 的 fsPromises.readFile() 方法：

🌐 You can also use the promise-based fsPromises.readFile() method offered by the fs/promises module:

const fs = require('node:fs/promises');

async function example() {
  try {
    const data = await fs.readFile('/Users/joe/test.txt', { encoding: 'utf8' });
    console.log(data);
  } catch (err) {
    console.error(err);
  }
}
example();

JavaScript

import fs from 'node:fs/promises';

try {
  const data = await fs.readFile('/Users/joe/test.txt', { encoding: 'utf8' });
  console.log(data);
} catch (err) {
  console.error(err);
}

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fs.readFile()、fs.readFileSync() 和 fsPromises.readFile() 这三者都会在返回数据之前将文件的完整内容读入内存。

🌐 All three of fs.readFile(), fs.readFileSync() and fsPromises.readFile() read the full content of the file in memory before returning the data.

这意味着大文件将对内存消耗和程序执行速度产生重大影响。

🌐 This means that big files are going to have a major impact on your memory consumption and speed of execution of the program.

在这种情况下，更好的选择是使用流来读取文件内容，因为这样更节省内存。

🌐 In this case, a better option is to read the file content using streams as it is more memory efficient.

import fs from 'fs';
import { pipeline } from 'node:stream/promises';
import path from 'path';

const fileUrl = 'https://www.gutenberg.org/files/2701/2701-0.txt';
const outputFilePath = path.join(process.cwd(), 'moby.md');

async function downloadFile(url, outputPath) {
  const response = await fetch(url);

  if (!response.ok || !response.body) {
    // consuming the response body is mandatory: https://undici.nodejs.org/#/?id=garbage-collection
    await response.body?.cancel();
    throw new Error(`Failed to fetch ${url}. Status: ${response.status}`);
  }

  const fileStream = fs.createWriteStream(outputPath);
  console.log(`Downloading file from ${url} to ${outputPath}`);

  await pipeline(response.body, fileStream);
  console.log('File downloaded successfully');
}

async function readFile(filePath) {
  const readStream = fs.createReadStream(filePath, { encoding: 'utf8' });

  try {
    for await (const chunk of readStream) {
      console.log('--- File chunk start ---');
      console.log(chunk);
      console.log('--- File chunk end ---');
    }
    console.log('Finished reading the file.');
  } catch (error) {
    console.error(`Error reading file: ${error.message}`);
  }
}

try {
  await downloadFile(fileUrl, outputFilePath);
  await readFile(outputFilePath);
} catch (error) {
  console.error(`Error: ${error.message}`);
}

JavaScript