封装 C++ 对象

还可以以允许使用 JavaScript new 运算符创建新实例的方式封装 C++ 对象/类：

// addon.cc
#include <node.h>
#include "myobject.h"

namespace demo {

using v8::Local;
using v8::Object;

void InitAll(Local<Object> exports) {
  MyObject::Init(exports);
}

NODE_MODULE(NODE_GYP_MODULE_NAME, InitAll)

}  // namespace demo

然后，在 myobject.h 中，封装类继承自 node::ObjectWrap：

// myobject.h
#ifndef MYOBJECT_H
#define MYOBJECT_H

#include <node.h>
#include <node_object_wrap.h>

namespace demo {

class MyObject : public node::ObjectWrap {
 public:
  static void Init(v8::Local<v8::Object> exports);

 private:
  explicit MyObject(double value = 0);
  ~MyObject();

  static void New(const v8::FunctionCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& args);
  static void PlusOne(const v8::FunctionCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& args);

  double value_;
};

}  // namespace demo

#endif

在 myobject.cc 中，实现要暴露的各种方法。 下面，方法 plusOne() 通过将其添加到构造函数的原型中来暴露：

// myobject.cc
#include "myobject.h"

namespace demo {

using v8::Context;
using v8::Function;
using v8::FunctionCallbackInfo;
using v8::FunctionTemplate;
using v8::Isolate;
using v8::Local;
using v8::NewStringType;
using v8::Number;
using v8::Object;
using v8::ObjectTemplate;
using v8::String;
using v8::Value;

MyObject::MyObject(double value) : value_(value) {
}

MyObject::~MyObject() {
}

void MyObject::Init(Local<Object> exports) {
  Isolate* isolate = exports->GetIsolate();
  Local<Context> context = isolate->GetCurrentContext();

  Local<ObjectTemplate> addon_data_tpl = ObjectTemplate::New(isolate);
  addon_data_tpl->SetInternalFieldCount(1);  // MyObject::New() 的 1 个字段
  Local<Object> addon_data =
      addon_data_tpl->NewInstance(context).ToLocalChecked();

  // 准备构造函数模板
  Local<FunctionTemplate> tpl = FunctionTemplate::New(isolate, New, addon_data);
  tpl->SetClassName(String::NewFromUtf8(
      isolate, "MyObject", NewStringType::kNormal).ToLocalChecked());
  tpl->InstanceTemplate()->SetInternalFieldCount(1);

  // 原型
  NODE_SET_PROTOTYPE_METHOD(tpl, "plusOne", PlusOne);

  Local<Function> constructor = tpl->GetFunction(context).ToLocalChecked();
  addon_data->SetInternalField(0, constructor);
  exports->Set(context, String::NewFromUtf8(
      isolate, "MyObject", NewStringType::kNormal).ToLocalChecked(),
               constructor).FromJust();
}

void MyObject::New(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Isolate* isolate = args.GetIsolate();
  Local<Context> context = isolate->GetCurrentContext();

  if (args.IsConstructCall()) {
    // 作为构造函数调用：`new MyObject(...)`
    double value = args[0]->IsUndefined() ?
        0 : args[0]->NumberValue(context).FromMaybe(0);
    MyObject* obj = new MyObject(value);
    obj->Wrap(args.This());
    args.GetReturnValue().Set(args.This());
  } else {
    // 作为普通函数 `MyObject(...)` 调用，变成构造调用。
    const int argc = 1;
    Local<Value> argv[argc] = { args[0] };
    Local<Function> cons =
        args.Data().As<Object>()->GetInternalField(0).As<Function>();
    Local<Object> result =
        cons->NewInstance(context, argc, argv).ToLocalChecked();
    args.GetReturnValue().Set(result);
  }
}

void MyObject::PlusOne(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Isolate* isolate = args.GetIsolate();

  MyObject* obj = ObjectWrap::Unwrap<MyObject>(args.Holder());
  obj->value_ += 1;

  args.GetReturnValue().Set(Number::New(isolate, obj->value_));
}

}  // namespace demo

要构建此示例，必须将 myobject.cc 文件添加到 binding.gyp：

{
  "targets": [
    {
      "target_name": "addon",
      "sources": [
        "addon.cc",
        "myobject.cc"
      ]
    }
  ]
}

测试它：

// test.js
const addon = require('./build/Release/addon');

const obj = new addon.MyObject(10);
console.log(obj.plusOne());
// 打印: 11
console.log(obj.plusOne());
// 打印: 12
console.log(obj.plusOne());
// 打印: 13

当对象被垃圾收集时，封装器对象的析构函数将运行。 对于析构函数测试，可以使用命令行标志来强制进行垃圾回收。 这些标志由底层 V8 JavaScript 引擎提供。 它们可能会随时更改或删除。 Node.js 或 V8 没有记录它们，并且它们不应该在测试之外使用。

It is also possible to wrap C++ objects/classes in a way that allows new instances to be created using the JavaScript new operator:

// addon.cc
#include <node.h>
#include "myobject.h"

namespace demo {

using v8::Local;
using v8::Object;

void InitAll(Local<Object> exports) {
  MyObject::Init(exports);
}

NODE_MODULE(NODE_GYP_MODULE_NAME, InitAll)

}  // namespace demo

Then, in myobject.h, the wrapper class inherits from node::ObjectWrap:

// myobject.h
#ifndef MYOBJECT_H
#define MYOBJECT_H

#include <node.h>
#include <node_object_wrap.h>

namespace demo {

class MyObject : public node::ObjectWrap {
 public:
  static void Init(v8::Local<v8::Object> exports);

 private:
  explicit MyObject(double value = 0);
  ~MyObject();

  static void New(const v8::FunctionCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& args);
  static void PlusOne(const v8::FunctionCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& args);

  double value_;
};

}  // namespace demo

#endif

In myobject.cc, implement the various methods that are to be exposed. Below, the method plusOne() is exposed by adding it to the constructor's prototype:

// myobject.cc
#include "myobject.h"

namespace demo {

using v8::Context;
using v8::Function;
using v8::FunctionCallbackInfo;
using v8::FunctionTemplate;
using v8::Isolate;
using v8::Local;
using v8::NewStringType;
using v8::Number;
using v8::Object;
using v8::ObjectTemplate;
using v8::String;
using v8::Value;

MyObject::MyObject(double value) : value_(value) {
}

MyObject::~MyObject() {
}

void MyObject::Init(Local<Object> exports) {
  Isolate* isolate = exports->GetIsolate();
  Local<Context> context = isolate->GetCurrentContext();

  Local<ObjectTemplate> addon_data_tpl = ObjectTemplate::New(isolate);
  addon_data_tpl->SetInternalFieldCount(1);  // 1 field for the MyObject::New()
  Local<Object> addon_data =
      addon_data_tpl->NewInstance(context).ToLocalChecked();

  // Prepare constructor template
  Local<FunctionTemplate> tpl = FunctionTemplate::New(isolate, New, addon_data);
  tpl->SetClassName(String::NewFromUtf8(
      isolate, "MyObject", NewStringType::kNormal).ToLocalChecked());
  tpl->InstanceTemplate()->SetInternalFieldCount(1);

  // Prototype
  NODE_SET_PROTOTYPE_METHOD(tpl, "plusOne", PlusOne);

  Local<Function> constructor = tpl->GetFunction(context).ToLocalChecked();
  addon_data->SetInternalField(0, constructor);
  exports->Set(context, String::NewFromUtf8(
      isolate, "MyObject", NewStringType::kNormal).ToLocalChecked(),
               constructor).FromJust();
}

void MyObject::New(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Isolate* isolate = args.GetIsolate();
  Local<Context> context = isolate->GetCurrentContext();

  if (args.IsConstructCall()) {
    // Invoked as constructor: `new MyObject(...)`
    double value = args[0]->IsUndefined() ?
        0 : args[0]->NumberValue(context).FromMaybe(0);
    MyObject* obj = new MyObject(value);
    obj->Wrap(args.This());
    args.GetReturnValue().Set(args.This());
  } else {
    // Invoked as plain function `MyObject(...)`, turn into construct call.
    const int argc = 1;
    Local<Value> argv[argc] = { args[0] };
    Local<Function> cons =
        args.Data().As<Object>()->GetInternalField(0).As<Function>();
    Local<Object> result =
        cons->NewInstance(context, argc, argv).ToLocalChecked();
    args.GetReturnValue().Set(result);
  }
}

void MyObject::PlusOne(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Isolate* isolate = args.GetIsolate();

  MyObject* obj = ObjectWrap::Unwrap<MyObject>(args.Holder());
  obj->value_ += 1;

  args.GetReturnValue().Set(Number::New(isolate, obj->value_));
}

}  // namespace demo

To build this example, the myobject.cc file must be added to the binding.gyp:

{
  "targets": [
    {
      "target_name": "addon",
      "sources": [
        "addon.cc",
        "myobject.cc"
      ]
    }
  ]
}

Test it with:

// test.js
const addon = require('./build/Release/addon');

const obj = new addon.MyObject(10);
console.log(obj.plusOne());
// Prints: 11
console.log(obj.plusOne());
// Prints: 12
console.log(obj.plusOne());
// Prints: 13

The destructor for a wrapper object will run when the object is garbage-collected. For destructor testing, there are command-line flags that can be used to make it possible to force garbage collection. These flags are provided by the underlying V8 JavaScript engine. They are subject to change or removal at any time. They are not documented by Node.js or V8, and they should never be used outside of testing.