TypeScript 手册

关于本手册

在被引入编程社区 20 多年后,JavaScript 现在是有史以来最广泛使用的跨平台语言之一。JavaScript 最初是一种用于向网页添加微不足道的交互性的小型脚本语言,现已发展成为各种规模的前端和后端应用程序的首选语言。虽然用 JavaScript 编写的程序的大小、作用域和复杂性呈指数级增长,但 JavaScript 语言表达不同代码单元之间关系的能力却没有。结合 JavaScript 相当特殊的运行时语义,语言和程序复杂性之间的这种不匹配使得 JavaScript 开发成为一项难以大规模管理的任务。

程序员编写的最常见的错误类型可以描述为类型错误:在预期不同类型的值的地方使用了某种类型的值。这可能是由于简单的拼写错误、未能理解库的 API 表面、对运行时行为的错误假设或其他错误。TypeScript 的目标是成为 JavaScript 程序的静态类型检查器 - 换句话说,一个在代码运行之前运行的工具(静态)并确保程序的类型正确(类型检查)。

如果您在没有 JavaScript 背景的情况下使用 TypeScript,并且打算将 TypeScript 作为您的第一语言,我们建议您首先开始阅读有关 Microsoft Learn JavaScript 教程 或阅读 Mozilla 网络文档中的 JavaScript 的文档。如果您有其他语言的经验,您应该能够通过阅读手册很快掌握 JavaScript 语法。

本手册的结构

手册分为两部分:

  • BkU/umgVomU+reQkcB6TJGzB/ccEwAbnL1jo+b6WKEg=

    R6GJzkpyAMxh5UsGdMyCt9YUk71c1Nms6DVzOIycx6LK2dOaU6TFdEgv44JcEbs4HBMtIfvuHGWHCln3pq7lNhhxPTJUbO7Em+vm5flfEDnk5RIJY5wrZNivoNnpHNi5adhkALbW/H/CuC9PhCThZQwzbe7yIOdaGasGmR1OtARbRfuVohOMljGPpEERbC7x

    E4BLptJe1C9/g4CjtTUDcX+XcTjG1lHZ2mOPMEt4aga8EkO2DjErTVQexaD6JyhGUotZsV8hB0Z+bGX7/ieBELVp7yUZa2HaISIIqUVEumzuWwI6jGq0E20eO3y2erYqsaHexKEUuQChxYbPNCKE3bHd2Ez7HavxoWX+AxsuSh1RsXoimRX9BIWx782MIz49cSmJukCYFLQzGPtGtRv5ZB9ibEuQxvKp3dYcCxsc5fsOLD8PcDNoKrdavMrshZ377LE6deQloyEok1SqNrkLQw==

    uRgrVZng+v14Xx9yD1o8Wa5lZg0BrczkGRv5tV1FgMSK1wXv+e0Bm2AaTS50qOYn

      uBiauW77uYEWPepeL8IKufR7D2axDMYZ8Zb8CLSoWqCyJCCjGfIdk8XZF1jkpweqbtgjgqZDDGz+jJ4U+tRXcm9K/LjRwkgqKBpdGopSvGSDzVjtZHbPeKGuoSJxEayMrFwIkkqZpgDUtECQ7T6L4rCp1Wch5zGBqQzWqDLm+tkjGtWdCIi/qe6B/849GC61HSmFTVCs2U1+V9DWcQ//RFaWVvNmpcsP6lWbIcP5pdE=

    gRn0xYXYBZOoSXtVOrErUBcvgwGKzVj3XZaRumvEFP9KYN/0bMb34+yw6W2V97fsHT26uFupdvpmNdZBySomog2EeRFiqkCvZETkV2pCxG9KJHURmv4laFt/7WtM7k6aQiRZr7ReVwr9v2lUSMj3yzHwoi2mYavmNtWWAKjewq4VYLC1G073y/QqXJqjonh1TOMRkhyE1pQCagsdDNVG97AEzEPPA4axgs1kaCwAGnJCe0P+UuDruM0Cxv+m2DE7

  • LSPIs/Zdq9USwO+EWSkBHZ//0CtcM5L8NCxmgpPiYm4=

    mLRjML8N3csnovNr57Z6LagHl34NGXlMmAy2XPm8x8Qd/toH0Ay298Re8OHDRgXhK0C0uL0NgFRaR5WY5LB9yHk4iJnOIIdi1tffGn0utiNypP3XrRbmc6jBpr32IgptcABJk3tLkQhX9KW5zxa6i4RSU5DtNGRgJqhXqZPXyCFvJJy5Qh4/qT+yJIu+yDigcgt4Ct2INfz4xishaY4OWg+Ogs9NHWN1QeKDQQS7ktssGANrC63X1306sSAyfrv72HIwe1tHmlynzvzn/IfiXUOplsaqzbW8965/xBSFBe87cgtBRqv6BxBdFccLQK4Zjf0GYldbCKLM+fmD2L26SQ==

非目标性

ASEWRZCGaQa2he8p4Cb43CcxRbkX02MxQV+bjMn3kCySmbw5XulgRakJpdGl0ygB8EWcUGQOTNERnW5l/Bm7FYpDSLQ8ukdQ7wpp3SjWoYj2OpraU4svK3m5hPB65k6TKVpGaTsYp1Zw/VcYJDKS2oh4N6rqBvptsDHlz2f0RVknKn6SFUM3iEelO80PwsNi

ycINxVaQsbBP6SOQqas97KggQBdgRqQYeDsTzzwKg4gJgDsQinjyGyVPSQwOkfUBaW0vIfxo7MSElnDlcuxLYXdqSGi6Yo3FTo8N/JtoX1ZlLsWtZbThA/GAa3wmzd4KgIeNM20sGXL5T30mbklky3ocxHAtVsWafzLXWjT06SHXmeR2CQbGLQo5NfyQu0aZaNbDxJRiXshJd8gk7uc5dhthP4CjYqoj3NRGpsgP4fGLq7mkZ0tYDvpBrlFO3FVIVvor+bzKGZI/6kwVARVANoCHk3+T/3t0h89NtjReO/s=

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

PpHet7mXZTFpcl7+WgmxQnvDXWD1HmXNx1Gfgfdd17iPN3W3IxEJV2G0DpY71MI3M9OofIm1FKgMI+rYYom/gmVSGglGL2/BvH0oaFp5eY4t64eNLUn8fYO+LCPi6cBuQOpBsUcuCeqCRow3jbRpifcpVMzu8PQA7SS0OhBQAujgoTCcy1axeg3TV8GWqELUN/Q/xgtMbCNtttXDq750cyCJJdtwrmRx8xS7Zjg6cL2QrCy2+g29+Bc+6YkmGrZY/n4bDgObOTRj1xHJiztZddCuU3MqeY5a9uf/ENg7pjDNpOzUP5xwPdzt1aOdBpk7pbnVX7zL062uRkfLhKtV3f6sq+EapWUKNoolO56py97NfTXnD0s2b/wFDY1nRwgsRWNHDDGFFtWTWDL2v/sPCYmRbM9m92g1faVSb9jemovFCwP+EghreqbR6Kx9Wuh+JDQrIekxlNgeL4Nur4c2pw==

开始使用

VHZfCTlJZYrauILDjITx9W6jJfzLHf/6i8CNvaPWYBu70p3vLs4Juw5l7Spjt78Om8ng7bZT9xp5N/SpbiGrBccfyUgsPkK9XL7s6QZtYqdjivVne1KGW72zZQV+lBGeRp/UPYXd+1PNObKliWRW4uBE/osBxGWLzca+N0CuICycoxW2bJp6AkA9jItVsaaJrFogrR5fhT7YC6O6d58TLA6hDDaP5xyBPU5VfJ7mS41C4skLSQQeuXaH54mJBQT+1zW/9S6X+5jfrKNCAsPHIPbxLLlcjK8CoIb9djw54Q3RJBiM+W/v9UzVUC0zR/AOURCaaDh9uYzuJ7XPYYMR4dAaRNGzroRVDobGQmnEpX+Klb2gjOOhQROTy29b4Qe6K2q4Lz0iyD2ozZAURpVJJQ==

    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

MOFVBPY3lnVMwvI0k4jb3p+DoKiN/XlX07d9kh+7zabm/Y/9qwRYEg7+d0uSZ8cmh+Lzfx5aa/mFZVaOFxiIhe4jUBSoWzL83Q41A1Mv/Nx/YtTnT9Yz75VyHXA9OjZF