响应

res 对象表示 Express 应用程序在收到 HTTP 请求时发送的 HTTP 响应。

在本文档中，按照惯例，该对象始终称为 res（HTTP 请求为 req），但其实际名称由您正在使用的回调函数的参数确定。

例如：

app.get('/user/:id', (req, res) => {
  res.send(`user ${req.params.id}`)
})

但你也可以拥有：

app.get('/user/:id', (request, response) => {
  response.send(`user ${request.params.id}`)
})

res对象是Node自带响应对象的增强版，支持所有内置字段和方法。

res.app

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res.headersSent

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app.get('/', (req, res) => {
  console.log(res.headersSent) // false
  res.send('OK')
  console.log(res.headersSent) // true
})

res.locals

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app.use((req, res, next) => {
  // Make `user` and `authenticated` available in templates
  res.locals.user = req.user
  res.locals.authenticated = !req.user.anonymous
  next()
})

res.req

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res.append(field [, value])

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res.append('Link', ['<http://localhost/>', '<http://localhost:3000/>'])
res.append('Set-Cookie', 'foo=bar; Path=/; HttpOnly')
res.append('Warning', '199 Miscellaneous warning')

res.attachment([filename])

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res.attachment()
// Content-Disposition: attachment

res.attachment('path/to/logo.png')
// Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="logo.png"
// Content-Type: image/png

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属性类型描述
domain字符串cookie 的域名。默认为应用的域名。
encode函数用于 cookie 值编码的同步函数。默认为 encodeURIComponent。
expires日期格林威治标准时间 cookie 的到期日期。如果未指定或设置为 0，则创建会话 cookie。
httpOnly布尔值将 cookie 标记为只能由 Web 服务器访问。
maxAge数字方便的选项，用于设置相对于当前时间的到期时间（以毫秒为单位）。
path字符串cookie 的路径。默认为 "/"。
secure布尔值将 cookie 标记为仅与 HTTPS 一起使用。
signed布尔值指示是否应该对 cookie 进行签名。
sameSite布尔值或字符串"SameSite" Set-Cookie 属性的值。更多信息请参见 https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-cookie-same-site-00#section-4.1.1。

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res.cookie('name', 'tobi', { domain: '.example.com', path: '/admin', secure: true })
res.cookie('rememberme', '1', { expires: new Date(Date.now() + 900000), httpOnly: true })

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// Default encoding
res.cookie('some_cross_domain_cookie', 'http://mysubdomain.example.com', { domain: 'example.com' })
// Result: 'some_cross_domain_cookie=http%3A%2F%2Fmysubdomain.example.com; Domain=example.com; Path=/'

// Custom encoding
res.cookie('some_cross_domain_cookie', 'http://mysubdomain.example.com', { domain: 'example.com', encode: String })
// Result: 'some_cross_domain_cookie=http://mysubdomain.example.com; Domain=example.com; Path=/;'

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res.cookie('rememberme', '1', { maxAge: 900000, httpOnly: true })

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res.cookie('cart', { items: [1, 2, 3] })
res.cookie('cart', { items: [1, 2, 3] }, { maxAge: 900000 })

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res.cookie('name', 'tobi', { signed: true })

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res.clearCookie(name [, options])

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res.cookie('name', 'tobi', { path: '/admin' })
res.clearCookie('name', { path: '/admin' })

res.download(path [, filename] [, options] [, fn])

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属性描述默认可用性
maxAge设置 Cache-Control 标头的 max-age 属性（以毫秒为单位）或 ms 格式 中的字符串04.16+
lastModified将 Last-Modified 标头设置为操作系统上文件的最后修改日期。设置 false 以禁用它。启用4.16+
headers包含与文件一起服务的 HTTP 标头的对象。标题 Content-Disposition 将被 filename 参数覆盖。4.16+
dotfiles提供点文件的选项。可能的值为 "allow"、"deny"、"ignore"。"ignore"4.16+
acceptRanges启用或禁用接受范围请求。true4.16+
cacheControl启用或禁用设置 Cache-Control 响应标头。true4.16+
immutable在 Cache-Control 响应标头中启用或禁用 immutable 指令。如果启用，还应指定 maxAge 选项以启用缓存。immutable 指令将阻止受支持的客户端在 maxAge 选项的生命周期内发出条件请求以检查文件是否已更改。false4.16+

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res.download('/report-12345.pdf')

res.download('/report-12345.pdf', 'report.pdf')

res.download('/report-12345.pdf', 'report.pdf', (err) => {
  if (err) {
    // Handle error, but keep in mind the response may be partially-sent
    // so check res.headersSent
  } else {
    // decrement a download credit, etc.
  }
})

res.end([data] [, encoding])

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res.end()
res.status(404).end()

res.format(object)

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res.format({
  'text/plain' () {
    res.send('hey')
  },

  'text/html' () {
    res.send('<p>hey</p>')
  },

  'application/json' () {
    res.send({ message: 'hey' })
  },

  default () {
    // log the request and respond with 406
    res.status(406).send('Not Acceptable')
  }
})

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res.format({
  text () {
    res.send('hey')
  },

  html () {
    res.send('<p>hey</p>')
  },

  json () {
    res.send({ message: 'hey' })
  }
})

res.get(field)

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res.get('Content-Type')
// => "text/plain"

res.json([body])

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res.json(null)
res.json({ user: 'tobi' })
res.status(500).json({ error: 'message' })

res.jsonp([body])

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res.jsonp(null)
// => callback(null)

res.jsonp({ user: 'tobi' })
// => callback({ "user": "tobi" })

res.status(500).jsonp({ error: 'message' })
// => callback({ "error": "message" })

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// ?callback=foo
res.jsonp({ user: 'tobi' })
// => foo({ "user": "tobi" })

app.set('jsonp callback name', 'cb')

// ?cb=foo
res.status(500).jsonp({ error: 'message' })
// => foo({ "error": "message" })

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res.links({
  next: 'http://api.example.com/users?page=2',
  last: 'http://api.example.com/users?page=5'
})

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Link: <http://api.example.com/users?page=2>; rel="next",
      <http://api.example.com/users?page=5>; rel="last"

res.location(path)

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res.location('/foo/bar')
res.location('http://example.com')
res.location('back')

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res.redirect([status,] path)

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res.redirect('/foo/bar')
res.redirect('http://example.com')
res.redirect(301, 'http://example.com')
res.redirect('../login')

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res.redirect('http://google.com')

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res.redirect('/admin')

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res.redirect('post/new')

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res.redirect('..')

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res.redirect('back')

res.render(view [, locals] [, callback])

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// send the rendered view to the client
res.render('index')

// if a callback is specified, the rendered HTML string has to be sent explicitly
res.render('index', (err, html) => {
  res.send(html)
})

// pass a local variable to the view
res.render('user', { name: 'Tobi' }, (err, html) => {
  // ...
})

res.send([body])

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res.send(Buffer.from('whoop'))
res.send({ some: 'json' })
res.send('<p>some html</p>')
res.status(404).send('Sorry, we cannot find that!')
res.status(500).send({ error: 'something blew up' })

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res.set('Content-Type', 'text/html')
res.send(Buffer.from('<p>some html</p>'))

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res.send('<p>some html</p>')

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res.send({ user: 'tobi' })
res.send([1, 2, 3])

res.sendFile(path [, options] [, fn])

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属性描述默认可用性
maxAge设置 Cache-Control 标头的 max-age 属性（以毫秒为单位）或 ms 格式 中的字符串0
root相对文件名的根目录。
lastModified将 Last-Modified 标头设置为操作系统上文件的最后修改日期。设置 false 以禁用它。启用4.9.0+
headers包含与文件一起服务的 HTTP 标头的对象。
dotfiles提供点文件的选项。可能的值为 "allow"、"deny"、"ignore"。"ignore" 
acceptRanges启用或禁用接受范围请求。true4.14+
cacheControl启用或禁用设置 Cache-Control 响应标头。true4.14+
immutable在 Cache-Control 响应标头中启用或禁用 immutable 指令。如果启用，还应指定 maxAge 选项以启用缓存。immutable 指令将阻止受支持的客户端在 maxAge 选项的生命周期内发出条件请求以检查文件是否已更改。false4.16+

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app.get('/file/:name', (req, res, next) => {
  const options = {
    root: path.join(__dirname, 'public'),
    dotfiles: 'deny',
    headers: {
      'x-timestamp': Date.now(),
      'x-sent': true
    }
  }

  const fileName = req.params.name
  res.sendFile(fileName, options, (err) => {
    if (err) {
      next(err)
    } else {
      console.log('Sent:', fileName)
    }
  })
})

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app.get('/user/:uid/photos/:file', (req, res) => {
  const uid = req.params.uid
  const file = req.params.file

  req.user.mayViewFilesFrom(uid, (yes) => {
    if (yes) {
      res.sendFile(`/uploads/${uid}/${file}`)
    } else {
      res.status(403).send("Sorry! You can't see that.")
    }
  })
})

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res.sendStatus(statusCode)

jmE7gSvXKjAIRCWxkboqotsHfkruZtzT9zjPj3u4sHsn67TaYuFTrvvxyhQCBN3m79qyuLDjYxplR1WUjFFkYdGgSKWYUn5AmmE3Lqe0ZdFHWgBFo4D5qBursHw6oxBB1NgIiHjGBW81A7YP8SEmQhg+GAlOl+MdDtTX0rtyux62+tD86bZp0zIjpQiNFg07sfF3hH7kuP65uRHwd1ukxIJGTlG+Q+PD1QaTjtF52cEOFYzKwunmfD/VwNiMs0IkqG3hc85qzIjdMwrDhOzacA==

res.sendStatus(404)

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hgUSyBtBth3GQMiOfwNIoZsG/hggEyY3AgfHrf2vKp8L9MZrw4vwcvCnt6ygIaGyV0IpkT4ZVT3dG5OR7JJGWVPI2BeRFyPZY4DFs6TQP5I=

res.set(field [, value])

YJDX58khpFCoO9iN7zyle6wRXMn6LjcuVsT38qarnOSWBHajA+g16gHW+jPkQcx01+nw9g1Fk+NO3ljIxLDf6beT9//vndTEt2fnWx9sGpjRz9pJEhm6IzlR3oahMJ1IpFslhwYtaLKaQyl/gWdVtXfm4QAq601JHiE4aUYn5H0/DiBltLzD4tAv4KBS76t4

res.set('Content-Type', 'text/plain')

res.set({
  'Content-Type': 'text/plain',
  'Content-Length': '123',
  ETag: '12345'
})

wRyUjsLDVE8WOzo7+RSrXCXoHHEPpsRxphvAjLjoU7kXMD3eMHN7fau31/UVXXiMCzjjha43sLxXDrRP5kFW3A==

res.status(code)

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res.status(403).end()
res.status(400).send('Bad Request')
res.status(404).sendFile('/absolute/path/to/404.png')

res.type(type)

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res.type('.html') // => 'text/html'
res.type('html') // => 'text/html'
res.type('json') // => 'application/json'
res.type('application/json') // => 'application/json'
res.type('png') // => image/png:

res.vary(field)

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res.vary('User-Agent').render('docs')