请求

req 对象表示 HTTP 请求，并具有请求查询字符串、参数、正文、HTTP 标头等的属性。在本文档中，按照惯例，该对象始终称为 req（HTTP 响应为 res），但其实际名称由您正在使用的回调函数的参数确定。

例如：

app.get('/user/:id', (req, res) => {
  res.send(`user ${req.params.id}`)
})

但你也可以拥有：

app.get('/user/:id', (request, response) => {
  response.send(`user ${request.params.id}`)
})

req对象是Node自带请求对象的增强版，支持所有内置字段和方法。

req.app

此属性包含对使用中间件的 Express 应用程序实例的引用。

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// index.js
app.get('/viewdirectory', require('./mymiddleware.js'))

// mymiddleware.js
module.exports = (req, res) => {
  res.send(`The views directory is ${req.app.get('views')}`)
}

req.baseUrl

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const greet = express.Router()

greet.get('/jp', (req, res) => {
  console.log(req.baseUrl) // /greet
  res.send('Konichiwa!')
})

app.use('/greet', greet) // load the router on '/greet'

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app.use(['/gre+t', '/hel{2}o'], greet) // load the router on '/gre+t' and '/hel{2}o'

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req.body

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const app = require('express')()
const bodyParser = require('body-parser')
const multer = require('multer') // v1.0.5
const upload = multer() // for parsing multipart/form-data

app.use(bodyParser.json()) // for parsing application/json
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: true })) // for parsing application/x-www-form-urlencoded

app.post('/profile', upload.array(), (req, res, next) => {
  console.log(req.body)
  res.json(req.body)
})

req.cookies

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// Cookie: name=tj
console.dir(req.cookies.name)
// => "tj"

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req.fresh

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console.dir(req.fresh)
// => true

req.host

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// Host: "example.com:3000"
console.dir(req.host)
// => 'example.com:3000'

// Host: "[::1]:3000"
console.dir(req.host)
// => '[::1]:3000'

req.hostname

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// Host: "example.com:3000"
console.dir(req.hostname)
// => 'example.com'

req.ip

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console.dir(req.ip)
// => "127.0.0.1"

req.ips

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req.method

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req.originalUrl

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// GET /search?q=something
console.dir(req.originalUrl)
// => "/search?q=something"

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// GET 'http://www.example.com/admin/new?sort=desc'
app.use('/admin', (req, res, next) => {
  console.dir(req.originalUrl) // '/admin/new?sort=desc'
  console.dir(req.baseUrl) // '/admin'
  console.dir(req.path) // '/new'
  next()
})

req.params

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// GET /user/tj
console.dir(req.params.name)
// => "tj"

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// GET /file/javascripts/jquery.js
console.dir(req.params[0])
// => "javascripts/jquery.js"

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req.path

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// example.com/users?sort=desc
console.dir(req.path)
// => "/users"

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req.protocol

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console.dir(req.protocol)
// => "http"

req.query

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const qs = require('qs')
app.setting('query parser',
  (str) => qs.parse(str, { /* custom options */ }))

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req.res

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req.route

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app.get('/user/:id?', (req, res) => {
  console.log(req.route)
  res.send('GET')
})

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{ path: '/user/:id?',
  stack:
   [ { handle: [Function: userIdHandler],
       name: 'userIdHandler',
       params: undefined,
       path: undefined,
       keys: [],
       regexp: /^\/?$/i,
       method: 'get' } ],
  methods: { get: true } }

req.secure

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req.protocol === 'https'

req.signedCookies

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// Cookie: user=tobi.CP7AWaXDfAKIRfH49dQzKJx7sKzzSoPq7/AcBBRVwlI3
console.dir(req.signedCookies.user)
// => "tobi"

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req.stale

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console.dir(req.stale)
// => true

req.subdomains

9u7uXf9bP09ZavqsmtsJ5OGPVg/ayanJ0ummkQTgtJP2u4q5/jfaC+PtR4drLeLI

// Host: "tobi.ferrets.example.com"
console.dir(req.subdomains)
// => ["ferrets", "tobi"]

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req.xhr

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console.dir(req.xhr)
// => true

req.accepts(types)

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// Accept: text/html
req.accepts('html')
// => "html"

// Accept: text/*, application/json
req.accepts('html')
// => "html"
req.accepts('text/html')
// => "text/html"
req.accepts(['json', 'text'])
// => "json"
req.accepts('application/json')
// => "application/json"

// Accept: text/*, application/json
req.accepts('image/png')
req.accepts('png')
// => false

// Accept: text/*;q=.5, application/json
req.accepts(['html', 'json'])
// => "json"

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req.acceptsCharsets(charset [, ...])

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req.acceptsEncodings(encoding [, ...])

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req.acceptsLanguages(lang [, ...])

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req.get(field)

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req.get('Content-Type')
// => "text/plain"

req.get('content-type')
// => "text/plain"

req.get('Something')
// => undefined

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req.is(type)

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// With Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
req.is('html') // => 'html'
req.is('text/html') // => 'text/html'
req.is('text/*') // => 'text/*'

// When Content-Type is application/json
req.is('json') // => 'json'
req.is('application/json') // => 'application/json'
req.is('application/*') // => 'application/*'

req.is('html')
// => false

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req.range(size[, options])

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属性	类型	描述
`combine`	布尔值	指定是否应合并重叠和相邻范围，默认为 `false`。当 `true` 时，范围将被组合并返回，就好像它们在标题中以这种方式指定一样。

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// parse header from request
const range = req.range(1000)

// the type of the range
if (range.type === 'bytes') {
  // the ranges
  range.forEach((r) => {
    // do something with r.start and r.end
  })
}