请求

req 对象表示 HTTP 请求，并具有请求查询字符串、参数、正文、HTTP 标头等的属性。在本文档中，按照惯例，该对象始终称为 req（HTTP 响应为 res），但其实际名称由您正在使用的回调函数的参数确定。

例如：

app.get('/user/:id', function (req, res) {
  res.send('user ' + req.params.id)
})

但你也可以拥有：

app.get('/user/:id', function (request, response) {
  response.send('user ' + request.params.id)
})

req对象是Node自带请求对象的增强版，支持所有内置字段和方法。

req.app

此属性包含对使用中间件的 Express 应用程序实例的引用。

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// index.js
app.get('/viewdirectory', require('./mymiddleware.js'))

// mymiddleware.js
module.exports = function (req, res) {
  res.send('The views directory is ' + req.app.get('views'))
}

req.baseUrl

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var greet = express.Router()

greet.get('/jp', function (req, res) {
  console.log(req.baseUrl) // /greet
  res.send('Konichiwa!')
})

app.use('/greet', greet) // load the router on '/greet'

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app.use(['/gre+t', '/hel{2}o'], greet) // load the router on '/gre+t' and '/hel{2}o'

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req.body

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var express = require('express')

var app = express()

app.use(express.json()) // for parsing application/json
app.use(express.urlencoded({ extended: true })) // for parsing application/x-www-form-urlencoded

app.post('/profile', function (req, res, next) {
  console.log(req.body)
  res.json(req.body)
})

req.cookies

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// Cookie: name=tj
console.dir(req.cookies.name)
// => 'tj'

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req.fresh

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console.dir(req.fresh)
// => true

req.hostname

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// Host: "example.com:3000"
console.dir(req.hostname)
// => 'example.com'

req.ip

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console.dir(req.ip)
// => '127.0.0.1'

req.ips

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req.method

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req.originalUrl

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// GET /search?q=something
console.dir(req.originalUrl)
// => '/search?q=something'

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app.use('/admin', function (req, res, next) { // GET 'http://www.example.com/admin/new?sort=desc'
  console.dir(req.originalUrl) // '/admin/new?sort=desc'
  console.dir(req.baseUrl) // '/admin'
  console.dir(req.path) // '/new'
  next()
})

req.params

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// GET /user/tj
console.dir(req.params.name)
// => 'tj'

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// GET /file/javascripts/jquery.js
console.dir(req.params[0])
// => 'javascripts/jquery.js'

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req.path

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// example.com/users?sort=desc
console.dir(req.path)
// => '/users'

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req.protocol

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console.dir(req.protocol)
// => 'http'

req.query

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var qs = require('qs')
app.setting('query parser', function (str) {
  return qs.parse(str, { /* custom options */ })
})

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req.res

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req.route

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app.get('/user/:id?', function userIdHandler (req, res) {
  console.log(req.route)
  res.send('GET')
})

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{ path: '/user/:id?',
  stack:
   [ { handle: [Function: userIdHandler],
       name: 'userIdHandler',
       params: undefined,
       path: undefined,
       keys: [],
       regexp: /^\/?$/i,
       method: 'get' } ],
  methods: { get: true } }

req.secure

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console.dir(req.protocol === 'https')
// => true

req.signedCookies

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// Cookie: user=tobi.CP7AWaXDfAKIRfH49dQzKJx7sKzzSoPq7/AcBBRVwlI3
console.dir(req.signedCookies.user)
// => 'tobi'

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req.stale

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console.dir(req.stale)
// => true

req.subdomains

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// Host: "tobi.ferrets.example.com"
console.dir(req.subdomains)
// => ['ferrets', 'tobi']

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req.xhr

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console.dir(req.xhr)
// => true

req.accepts(types)

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// Accept: text/html
req.accepts('html')
// => "html"

// Accept: text/*, application/json
req.accepts('html')
// => "html"
req.accepts('text/html')
// => "text/html"
req.accepts(['json', 'text'])
// => "json"
req.accepts('application/json')
// => "application/json"

// Accept: text/*, application/json
req.accepts('image/png')
req.accepts('png')
// => false

// Accept: text/*;q=.5, application/json
req.accepts(['html', 'json'])
// => "json"

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req.acceptsCharsets(charset [, ...])

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req.acceptsEncodings(encoding [, ...])

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req.acceptsLanguages(lang [, ...])

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req.get(field)

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req.get('Content-Type')
// => "text/plain"

req.get('content-type')
// => "text/plain"

req.get('Something')
// => undefined

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req.is(type)

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// With Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
req.is('html')
// => 'html'
req.is('text/html')
// => 'text/html'
req.is('text/*')
// => 'text/*'

// When Content-Type is application/json
req.is('json')
// => 'json'
req.is('application/json')
// => 'application/json'
req.is('application/*')
// => 'application/*'

req.is('html')
// => false

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req.param(name [, defaultValue])

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// ?name=tobi
req.param('name')
// => "tobi"

// POST name=tobi
req.param('name')
// => "tobi"

// /user/tobi for /user/:name
req.param('name')
// => "tobi"

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req.range(size[, options])

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属性	类型	描述
`combine`	布尔值	指定是否应合并重叠和相邻范围，默认为 `false`。当 `true` 时，范围将被组合并返回，就好像它们在标题中以这种方式指定一样。

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// parse header from request
var range = req.range(1000)

// the type of the range
if (range.type === 'bytes') {
  // the ranges
  range.forEach(function (r) {
    // do something with r.start and r.end
  })
}