应用

app 对象通常表示 Express 应用程序。通过调用 Express 模块导出的顶级 express() 函数来创建它：

var express = require('express')
var app = express()

app.get('/', function (req, res) {
  res.send('hello world')
})

app.listen(3000)

app 对象具有用于

• 路由 HTTP 请求； 例如，参见 app.METHOD 和 app.param。
• 配置中间件； 见 app.route。
• 渲染 HTML 视图； 见 app.render。
• 注册模板引擎； 见 app.engine。

它还具有影响应用程序行为方式的设置（属性）；有关详细信息，请参阅 应用程序设置。

Express 应用程序对象可以从 请求对象 和 响应对象 分别称为 req.app 和 res.app。

app.locals

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console.dir(app.locals.title)
// => 'My App'

console.dir(app.locals.email)
// => 'me@myapp.com'

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app.locals.title = 'My App'
app.locals.strftime = require('strftime')
app.locals.email = 'me@myapp.com'

app.mountpath

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var express = require('express')

var app = express() // the main app
var admin = express() // the sub app

admin.get('/', function (req, res) {
  console.log(admin.mountpath) // /admin
  res.send('Admin Homepage')
})

app.use('/admin', admin) // mount the sub app

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var admin = express()

admin.get('/', function (req, res) {
  console.dir(admin.mountpath) // [ '/adm*n', '/manager' ]
  res.send('Admin Homepage')
})

var secret = express()
secret.get('/', function (req, res) {
  console.log(secret.mountpath) // /secr*t
  res.send('Admin Secret')
})

admin.use('/secr*t', secret) // load the 'secret' router on '/secr*t', on the 'admin' sub app
app.use(['/adm*n', '/manager'], admin) // load the 'admin' router on '/adm*n' and '/manager', on the parent app

app.on('mount', callback(parent))

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var admin = express()

admin.on('mount', function (parent) {
  console.log('Admin Mounted')
  console.log(parent) // refers to the parent app
})

admin.get('/', function (req, res) {
  res.send('Admin Homepage')
})

app.use('/admin', admin)

app.all(path, callback [, callback ...])

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参数

示例

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app.all('/secret', function (req, res, next) {
  console.log('Accessing the secret section ...')
  next() // pass control to the next handler
})

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app.all('*', requireAuthentication, loadUser)

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app.all('*', requireAuthentication)
app.all('*', loadUser)

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app.all('/api/*', requireAuthentication)

app.delete(path, callback [, callback ...])

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参数

示例

app.delete('/', function (req, res) {
  res.send('DELETE request to homepage')
})

app.disable(name)

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app.disable('trust proxy')
app.get('trust proxy')
// => false

app.disabled(name)

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app.disabled('trust proxy')
// => true

app.enable('trust proxy')
app.disabled('trust proxy')
// => false

app.enable(name)

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app.enable('trust proxy')
app.get('trust proxy')
// => true

app.enabled(name)

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app.enabled('trust proxy')
// => false

app.enable('trust proxy')
app.enabled('trust proxy')
// => true

app.engine(ext, callback)

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app.engine('pug', require('pug').__express)

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app.engine('html', require('ejs').renderFile)

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var engines = require('consolidate')
app.engine('haml', engines.haml)
app.engine('html', engines.hogan)

app.get(name)

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app.get('title')
// => undefined

app.set('title', 'My Site')
app.get('title')
// => "My Site"

app.get(path, callback [, callback ...])

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参数

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示例

app.get('/', function (req, res) {
  res.send('GET request to homepage')
})

app.listen(path, [callback])

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var express = require('express')
var app = express()
app.listen('/tmp/sock')

app.listen([port[, host[, backlog]]][, callback])

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var express = require('express')
var app = express()
app.listen(3000)

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var express = require('express')
var https = require('https')
var http = require('http')
var app = express()

http.createServer(app).listen(80)
https.createServer(options, app).listen(443)

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app.listen = function () {
  var server = http.createServer(this)
  return server.listen.apply(server, arguments)
}

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app.METHOD(path, callback [, callback ...])

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参数

路由方法

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app.param([name], callback)

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app.param('user', function (req, res, next, id) {
  // try to get the user details from the User model and attach it to the request object
  User.find(id, function (err, user) {
    if (err) {
      next(err)
    } else if (user) {
      req.user = user
      next()
    } else {
      next(new Error('failed to load user'))
    }
  })
})

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app.param('id', function (req, res, next, id) {
  console.log('CALLED ONLY ONCE')
  next()
})

app.get('/user/:id', function (req, res, next) {
  console.log('although this matches')
  next()
})

app.get('/user/:id', function (req, res) {
  console.log('and this matches too')
  res.end()
})

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CALLED ONLY ONCE
although this matches
and this matches too

app.param(['id', 'page'], function (req, res, next, value) {
  console.log('CALLED ONLY ONCE with', value)
  next()
})

app.get('/user/:id/:page', function (req, res, next) {
  console.log('although this matches')
  next()
})

app.get('/user/:id/:page', function (req, res) {
  console.log('and this matches too')
  res.end()
})

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CALLED ONLY ONCE with 42
CALLED ONLY ONCE with 3
although this matches
and this matches too

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var express = require('express')
var app = express()

// customizing the behavior of app.param()
app.param(function (param, option) {
  return function (req, res, next, val) {
    if (val === option) {
      next()
    } else {
      next('route')
    }
  }
})

// using the customized app.param()
app.param('id', 1337)

// route to trigger the capture
app.get('/user/:id', function (req, res) {
  res.send('OK')
})

app.listen(3000, function () {
  console.log('Ready')
})

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app.param(function (param, validator) {
  return function (req, res, next, val) {
    if (validator(val)) {
      next()
    } else {
      next('route')
    }
  }
})

app.param('id', function (candidate) {
  return !isNaN(parseFloat(candidate)) && isFinite(candidate)
})

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vopRh/1iMz2HqU6G50CgWA==

// captures '1-a_6' but not '543-azser-sder'
router.get('/[0-9]+-[[\\w]]*', function (req, res, next) { next() })

// captures '1-a_6' and '543-az(ser"-sder' but not '5-a s'
router.get('/[0-9]+-[[\\S]]*', function (req, res, next) { next() })

// captures all (equivalent to '.*')
router.get('[[\\s\\S]]*', function (req, res, next) { next() })

app.path()

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var app = express()
var blog = express()
var blogAdmin = express()

app.use('/blog', blog)
blog.use('/admin', blogAdmin)

console.dir(app.path()) // ''
console.dir(blog.path()) // '/blog'
console.dir(blogAdmin.path()) // '/blog/admin'

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app.post(path, callback [, callback ...])

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参数

示例

app.post('/', function (req, res) {
  res.send('POST request to homepage')
})

app.put(path, callback [, callback ...])

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参数

示例

app.put('/', function (req, res) {
  res.send('PUT request to homepage')
})

app.render(view, [locals], callback)

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app.render('email', function (err, html) {
  // ...
})

app.render('email', { name: 'Tobi' }, function (err, html) {
  // ...
})

app.route(path)

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var app = express()

app.route('/events')
  .all(function (req, res, next) {
    // runs for all HTTP verbs first
    // think of it as route specific middleware!
  })
  .get(function (req, res, next) {
    res.json({})
  })
  .post(function (req, res, next) {
    // maybe add a new event...
  })

app.set(name, value)

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app.set('title', 'My Site')
app.get('title') // "My Site"

应用程序设置

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trust proxy 设置选项

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app.set('trust proxy', 'loopback')

app.set('trust proxy', 'loopback, 123.123.123.123')

app.set('trust proxy', 'loopback, linklocal, uniquelocal')

app.set('trust proxy', ['loopback', 'linklocal', 'uniquelocal'])

app.set('trust proxy', function (ip) {
  if (ip === '127.0.0.1' || ip === '123.123.123.123') return true // trusted IPs
  else return false
})

etag 设置选项

owvtOvcIMpE42D8lmAv3Cy1uVZRZPyL5ZgBR8OB/5OBA/vYBnNPQjluffXFwQVA4CRuAgY9GoaTXMOMgs2MoBKWi73DhYC3xYzny5KaVE4QRkaKar1LNVghVypXqxyoJJodnXMHvPWcpVP5jHqESe7RYbb55ccB3rD31EWbzGO2LV4KYtpUMC5+9VHSOPX4nsCr5OWPV4HOxwC0/KeaKWG+ouYB2QuGEDClKpNHsvkK22aNQlw0/WZXK3IT4SIhp

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app.set('etag', function (body, encoding) {
  return generateHash(body, encoding) // consider the function is defined
})

app.use([path,] callback [, callback...])

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参数

描述

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app.use(function (req, res, next) {
  console.log('Time: %d', Date.now())
  next()
})

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// this middleware will not allow the request to go beyond it
app.use(function (req, res, next) {
  res.send('Hello World')
})

// requests will never reach this route
app.get('/', function (req, res) {
  res.send('Welcome')
})

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app.use(function (err, req, res, next) {
  console.error(err.stack)
  res.status(500).send('Something broke!')
})

路径示例

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app.use('/abcd', function (req, res, next) {
  next()
})

app.use('/abc?d', function (req, res, next) {
  next()
})

app.use('/ab+cd', function (req, res, next) {
  next()
})

app.use('/ab*cd', function (req, res, next) {
  next()
})

app.use('/a(bc)?d', function (req, res, next) {
  next()
})

app.use(/\/abc|\/xyz/, function (req, res, next) {
  next()
})

app.use(['/abcd', '/xyza', /\/lmn|\/pqr/], function (req, res, next) {
  next()
})

中间件回调函数示例

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app.use(function (req, res, next) {
  next()
})

var router = express.Router()
router.get('/', function (req, res, next) {
  next()
})
app.use(router)

var subApp = express()
subApp.get('/', function (req, res, next) {
  next()
})
app.use(subApp)

var r1 = express.Router()
r1.get('/', function (req, res, next) {
  next()
})

var r2 = express.Router()
r2.get('/', function (req, res, next) {
  next()
})

app.use(r1, r2)

var r1 = express.Router()
r1.get('/', function (req, res, next) {
  next()
})

var r2 = express.Router()
r2.get('/', function (req, res, next) {
  next()
})

app.use([r1, r2])

function mw1 (req, res, next) { next() }
function mw2 (req, res, next) { next() }

var r1 = express.Router()
r1.get('/', function (req, res, next) { next() })

var r2 = express.Router()
r2.get('/', function (req, res, next) { next() })

var subApp = express()
subApp.get('/', function (req, res, next) { next() })

app.use(mw1, [mw2, r1, r2], subApp)

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// GET /style.css etc
app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'public')))

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// GET /static/style.css etc.
app.use('/static', express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'public')))

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app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'public')))
app.use(logger())

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app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'public')))
app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'files')))
app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'uploads')))