child_process.fork(modulePath[, args][, options])

• modulePath <string> | <URL> 要在子进程中运行的模块。

  ¥modulePath <string> | <URL> The module to run in the child.

• args <string[]> 字符串参数列表。

  ¥args <string[]> List of string arguments.

• options <Object>

  • cwd <string> | <URL> 子进程的当前工作目录。

    ¥cwd <string> | <URL> Current working directory of the child process.

  • detached <boolean> 准备子进程以独立于其父进程运行。具体行为取决于平台（参见 options.detached）。

    ¥detached <boolean> Prepare child process to run independently of its parent process. Specific behavior depends on the platform (see options.detached).

  • env <Object> 环境变量键值对。默认值：process.env。

    ¥env <Object> Environment key-value pairs. Default: process.env.

  • execPath <string> 用于创建子进程的可执行文件。

    ¥execPath <string> Executable used to create the child process.

  • execArgv <string[]> 传给可执行文件的字符串参数列表。默认值：process.execArgv。

    ¥execArgv <string[]> List of string arguments passed to the executable. Default: process.execArgv.

  • gid <number> 设置进程的组标识（请参阅 setgid(2)）。

    ¥gid <number> Sets the group identity of the process (see setgid(2)).

  • serialization <string> 指定用于在进程之间发送消息的序列化类型。可能的值为 'json' 和 'advanced'。有关详细信息，请参阅 高级序列化。默认值：'json'。

    ¥serialization <string> Specify the kind of serialization used for sending messages between processes. Possible values are 'json' and 'advanced'. See Advanced serialization for more details. Default: 'json'.

  • signal <AbortSignal> 允许使用中止信号关闭子进程。

    ¥signal <AbortSignal> Allows closing the child process using an AbortSignal.

  • killSignal <string> | <integer> 当衍生的进程将被超时或中止信号杀死时要使用的信号值。默认值：'SIGTERM'。

    ¥killSignal <string> | <integer> The signal value to be used when the spawned process will be killed by timeout or abort signal. Default: 'SIGTERM'.

  • silent <boolean> 如果 true，子进程的 stdin、stdout 和 stderr 将被传送到父进程，否则它们将从父进程继承，有关 child_process.spawn() 的 stdio 的更多详细信息，请参阅 'pipe' 和 'inherit' 选项。默认值：false。

    ¥silent <boolean> If true, stdin, stdout, and stderr of the child process will be piped to the parent process, otherwise they will be inherited from the parent process, see the 'pipe' and 'inherit' options for child_process.spawn()'s stdio for more details. Default: false.

  • stdio <Array> | <string> 参见 child_process.spawn() 的 stdio。提供此选项时，它会覆盖 silent。如果使用数组变体，则它必须恰好包含一个值为 'ipc' 的条目，否则将抛出错误。例如 [0, 1, 2, 'ipc']。

    ¥stdio <Array> | <string> See child_process.spawn()'s stdio. When this option is provided, it overrides silent. If the array variant is used, it must contain exactly one item with value 'ipc' or an error will be thrown. For instance [0, 1, 2, 'ipc'].

  • uid <number> 设置进程的用户身份（请参阅 setuid(2)）。

    ¥uid <number> Sets the user identity of the process (see setuid(2)).

  • windowsVerbatimArguments <boolean> 在 Windows 上不为参数加上引号或转义。在 Unix 上被忽略。默认值：false。

    ¥windowsVerbatimArguments <boolean> No quoting or escaping of arguments is done on Windows. Ignored on Unix. Default: false.

  • timeout <number> 允许进程运行的最长时间（以毫秒为单位）。默认值：undefined。

    ¥timeout <number> In milliseconds the maximum amount of time the process is allowed to run. Default: undefined.

• 返回：<ChildProcess>

  ¥Returns: <ChildProcess>

child_process.fork() 方法是 child_process.spawn() 的特例，专门用于衍生新的 Node.js 进程。与 child_process.spawn() 一样，返回 ChildProcess 对象。返回的 ChildProcess 将有额外的内置通信通道，允许消息在父进程和子进程之间来回传递。详见 subprocess.send()。

¥The child_process.fork() method is a special case of child_process.spawn() used specifically to spawn new Node.js processes. Like child_process.spawn(), a ChildProcess object is returned. The returned ChildProcess will have an additional communication channel built-in that allows messages to be passed back and forth between the parent and child. See subprocess.send() for details.

请记住，衍生的 Node.js 子进程独立于父进程，除了两者之间建立的 IPC 通信通道。每个进程都有自己的内存，具有自己的 V8 实例。由于需要额外的资源分配，不建议衍生大量子 Node.js 进程。

¥Keep in mind that spawned Node.js child processes are independent of the parent with exception of the IPC communication channel that is established between the two. Each process has its own memory, with their own V8 instances. Because of the additional resource allocations required, spawning a large number of child Node.js processes is not recommended.

默认情况下，child_process.fork() 将使用父进程的 process.execPath 衍生新的 Node.js 实例。options 对象中的 execPath 属性允许使用替代的执行路径。

¥By default, child_process.fork() will spawn new Node.js instances using the process.execPath of the parent process. The execPath property in the options object allows for an alternative execution path to be used.

使用自定义 execPath 启动的 Node.js 进程将使用在子进程上使用环境变量 NODE_CHANNEL_FD 标识的文件描述符与父进程通信。

¥Node.js processes launched with a custom execPath will communicate with the parent process using the file descriptor (fd) identified using the environment variable NODE_CHANNEL_FD on the child process.

与 fork(2) POSIX 系统调用不同，child_process.fork() 不会克隆当前进程。

¥Unlike the fork(2) POSIX system call, child_process.fork() does not clone the current process.

child_process.fork() 不支持 child_process.spawn() 中可用的 shell 选项，如果设置将被忽略。

¥The shell option available in child_process.spawn() is not supported by child_process.fork() and will be ignored if set.

如果启用了 signal 选项，则在相应的 AbortController 上调用 .abort() 与在子进程上调用 .kill() 类似，只是传给回调的错误将是 AbortError：

¥If the signal option is enabled, calling .abort() on the corresponding AbortController is similar to calling .kill() on the child process except the error passed to the callback will be an AbortError:

const { fork } = require('node:child_process');
const process = require('node:process');

if (process.argv[2] === 'child') {
  setTimeout(() => {
    console.log(`Hello from ${process.argv[2]}!`);
  }, 1_000);
} else {
  const controller = new AbortController();
  const { signal } = controller;
  const child = fork(__filename, ['child'], { signal });
  child.on('error', (err) => {
    // This will be called with err being an AbortError if the controller aborts
  });
  controller.abort(); // Stops the child process
}import { fork } from 'node:child_process';
import process from 'node:process';

if (process.argv[2] === 'child') {
  setTimeout(() => {
    console.log(`Hello from ${process.argv[2]}!`);
  }, 1_000);
} else {
  const controller = new AbortController();
  const { signal } = controller;
  const child = fork(import.meta.url, ['child'], { signal });
  child.on('error', (err) => {
    // This will be called with err being an AbortError if the controller aborts
  });
  controller.abort(); // Stops the child process
}拷贝