process.nextTick(callback[, ...args])

• callback <Function>
• ...args <any> 当调用 callback 时要传入的额外参数

process.nextTick() 将 callback 添加到"下一个滴答队列"。 在 JavaScript 堆栈上的当前操作运行完成之后，且在允许事件循环继续之前，此队列将被完全排空。 如果递归地调用 process.nextTick()，则可能会创建无限的循环。 有关更多背景信息，请参阅事件循环指南。

import { nextTick } from 'node:process';

console.log('start');
nextTick(() => {
  console.log('nextTick callback');
});
console.log('scheduled');
// 输出：
// start
// scheduled
// nextTick callbackconst { nextTick } = require('node:process');

console.log('start');
nextTick(() => {
  console.log('nextTick callback');
});
console.log('scheduled');
// 输出：
// start
// scheduled
// nextTick callback

这在开发 API 时很重要，以便让用户有机会在对象构建之后但在任何 I/O 发生之前分配事件句柄：

import { nextTick } from 'node:process';

function MyThing(options) {
  this.setupOptions(options);

  nextTick(() => {
    this.startDoingStuff();
  });
}

const thing = new MyThing();
thing.getReadyForStuff();

// thing.startDoingStuff() 现在被调用，而不是之前。const { nextTick } = require('node:process');

function MyThing(options) {
  this.setupOptions(options);

  nextTick(() => {
    this.startDoingStuff();
  });
}

const thing = new MyThing();
thing.getReadyForStuff();

// thing.startDoingStuff() 现在被调用，而不是之前。

这对于要 100% 同步或 100% 异步的 API 非常重要。 设想这个示例：

// 警告！不要使用！不安全的危险！
function maybeSync(arg, cb) {
  if (arg) {
    cb();
    return;
  }

  fs.stat('file', cb);
}

此 API 是危险的，因为在以下情况下：

const maybeTrue = Math.random() > 0.5;

maybeSync(maybeTrue, () => {
  foo();
});

bar();

并不清楚是先调用 foo() 还是 bar()。

以下方法要好得多：

import { nextTick } from 'node:process';

function definitelyAsync(arg, cb) {
  if (arg) {
    nextTick(cb);
    return;
  }

  fs.stat('file', cb);
}const { nextTick } = require('node:process');

function definitelyAsync(arg, cb) {
  if (arg) {
    nextTick(cb);
    return;
  }

  fs.stat('file', cb);
}

• callback <Function>
• ...args <any> Additional arguments to pass when invoking the callback

process.nextTick() adds callback to the "next tick queue". This queue is fully drained after the current operation on the JavaScript stack runs to completion and before the event loop is allowed to continue. It's possible to create an infinite loop if one were to recursively call process.nextTick(). See the Event Loop guide for more background.

import { nextTick } from 'node:process';

console.log('start');
nextTick(() => {
  console.log('nextTick callback');
});
console.log('scheduled');
// Output:
// start
// scheduled
// nextTick callbackconst { nextTick } = require('node:process');

console.log('start');
nextTick(() => {
  console.log('nextTick callback');
});
console.log('scheduled');
// Output:
// start
// scheduled
// nextTick callback

This is important when developing APIs in order to give users the opportunity to assign event handlers after an object has been constructed but before any I/O has occurred:

import { nextTick } from 'node:process';

function MyThing(options) {
  this.setupOptions(options);

  nextTick(() => {
    this.startDoingStuff();
  });
}

const thing = new MyThing();
thing.getReadyForStuff();

// thing.startDoingStuff() gets called now, not before.const { nextTick } = require('node:process');

function MyThing(options) {
  this.setupOptions(options);

  nextTick(() => {
    this.startDoingStuff();
  });
}

const thing = new MyThing();
thing.getReadyForStuff();

// thing.startDoingStuff() gets called now, not before.

It is very important for APIs to be either 100% synchronous or 100% asynchronous. Consider this example:

// WARNING!  DO NOT USE!  BAD UNSAFE HAZARD!
function maybeSync(arg, cb) {
  if (arg) {
    cb();
    return;
  }

  fs.stat('file', cb);
}

This API is hazardous because in the following case:

const maybeTrue = Math.random() > 0.5;

maybeSync(maybeTrue, () => {
  foo();
});

bar();

It is not clear whether foo() or bar() will be called first.

The following approach is much better:

import { nextTick } from 'node:process';

function definitelyAsync(arg, cb) {
  if (arg) {
    nextTick(cb);
    return;
  }

  fs.stat('file', cb);
}const { nextTick } = require('node:process');

function definitelyAsync(arg, cb) {
  if (arg) {
    nextTick(cb);
    return;
  }

  fs.stat('file', cb);
}