脚本

npm 如何处理 "scripts" 字段

描述

package.json 文件的 "scripts" 属性支持许多内置脚本及其预设的生命周期事件以及任意脚本。这些都可以通过运行 npm run-script <stage> 或简称 npm run <stage> 来执行。Pre 和 post 具有匹配名称的命令也将针对这些命令运行(例如 premyscriptmyscriptpostmyscript)。来自依赖项的脚本可以使用 npm explore <pkg> -- npm run <stage> 运行。

前后脚本

要为 package.json"scripts" 部分中定义的任何脚本创建 "pre" 或 "post" 脚本,只需创建另一个具有匹配名称的脚本并将 "pre" 或 "post" 添加到它们的开头。

{
  "scripts": {
    "precompress": "{{ executes BEFORE the `compress` script }}",
    "compress": "{{ run command to compress files }}",
    "postcompress": "{{ executes AFTER `compress` script }}"
  }
}

在此示例中,npm run compress 将按照所述执行这些脚本。

生命周期脚本

有一些特殊的生命周期脚本只在某些情况下发生。除了 pre<event>post<event><event> 脚本之外,还会出现这些脚本。

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准备和预发布

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依赖项

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生命周期操作顺序

npm cache add

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npm ci

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npm diff

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npm install

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npm pack

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npm publish

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npm rebuild

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npm restart

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npm run <user defined>

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npm start

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npm stop

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npm test

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npm version

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关于缺少 npm uninstall 脚本的说明

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用户

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环境

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路径

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{
  "name" : "foo",
  "dependencies" : {
    "bar" : "0.1.x"
  },
  "scripts": {
    "start" : "bar ./test"
  }
}

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package.json 变量

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当前生命周期事件

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process.env.npm_package_scripts_install === "foo.js"

示例

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{
  "scripts" : {
    "install" : "scripts/install.js",
    "postinstall" : "scripts/install.js",
    "uninstall" : "scripts/uninstall.js"
  }
}

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{
  "scripts" : {
    "preinstall" : "./configure",
    "install" : "make && make install",
    "test" : "make test"
  }
}

退出

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最佳实践

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