使用中间件

Express 是一个路由和中间件 Web 框架，其自身功能最少：Express 应用程序本质上是一系列中间件函数调用。

中间件函数是可以访问应用程序请求-响应周期中的请求对象 (req)、响应对象 (res) 和下一个中间件函数的函数。下一个中间件函数通常由一个名为 next 的变量表示。

中间件函数可以执行以下任务：

执行任何代码。
更改请求和响应对象。
结束请求-响应周期。
调用堆栈中的下一个中间件函数。

如果当前中间件函数没有结束请求-响应循环，它必须调用 next() 将控制权传递给下一个中间件函数。否则，请求将被挂起。

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应用级中间件

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const express = require('express')
const app = express()

app.use((req, res, next) => {
  console.log('Time:', Date.now())
  next()
})

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app.use('/user/:id', (req, res, next) => {
  console.log('Request Type:', req.method)
  next()
})

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app.get('/user/:id', (req, res, next) => {
  res.send('USER')
})

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app.use('/user/:id', (req, res, next) => {
  console.log('Request URL:', req.originalUrl)
  next()
}, (req, res, next) => {
  console.log('Request Type:', req.method)
  next()
})

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app.get('/user/:id', (req, res, next) => {
  console.log('ID:', req.params.id)
  next()
}, (req, res, next) => {
  res.send('User Info')
})

// handler for the /user/:id path, which prints the user ID
app.get('/user/:id', (req, res, next) => {
  res.send(req.params.id)
})

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app.get('/user/:id', (req, res, next) => {
  // if the user ID is 0, skip to the next route
  if (req.params.id === '0') next('route')
  // otherwise pass the control to the next middleware function in this stack
  else next()
}, (req, res, next) => {
  // send a regular response
  res.send('regular')
})

// handler for the /user/:id path, which sends a special response
app.get('/user/:id', (req, res, next) => {
  res.send('special')
})

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function logOriginalUrl (req, res, next) {
  console.log('Request URL:', req.originalUrl)
  next()
}

function logMethod (req, res, next) {
  console.log('Request Type:', req.method)
  next()
}

const logStuff = [logOriginalUrl, logMethod]
app.get('/user/:id', logStuff, (req, res, next) => {
  res.send('User Info')
})

路由级中间件

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const router = express.Router()

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const express = require('express')
const app = express()
const router = express.Router()

// a middleware function with no mount path. This code is executed for every request to the router
router.use((req, res, next) => {
  console.log('Time:', Date.now())
  next()
})

// a middleware sub-stack shows request info for any type of HTTP request to the /user/:id path
router.use('/user/:id', (req, res, next) => {
  console.log('Request URL:', req.originalUrl)
  next()
}, (req, res, next) => {
  console.log('Request Type:', req.method)
  next()
})

// a middleware sub-stack that handles GET requests to the /user/:id path
router.get('/user/:id', (req, res, next) => {
  // if the user ID is 0, skip to the next router
  if (req.params.id === '0') next('route')
  // otherwise pass control to the next middleware function in this stack
  else next()
}, (req, res, next) => {
  // render a regular page
  res.render('regular')
})

// handler for the /user/:id path, which renders a special page
router.get('/user/:id', (req, res, next) => {
  console.log(req.params.id)
  res.render('special')
})

// mount the router on the app
app.use('/', router)

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const express = require('express')
const app = express()
const router = express.Router()

// predicate the router with a check and bail out when needed
router.use((req, res, next) => {
  if (!req.headers['x-auth']) return next('router')
  next()
})

router.get('/user/:id', (req, res) => {
  res.send('hello, user!')
})

// use the router and 401 anything falling through
app.use('/admin', router, (req, res) => {
  res.sendStatus(401)
})

错误处理中间件

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app.use((err, req, res, next) => {
  console.error(err.stack)
  res.status(500).send('Something broke!')
})

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内置中间件

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第三方中间件

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$ npm install cookie-parser

const express = require('express')
const app = express()
const cookieParser = require('cookie-parser')

// load the cookie-parsing middleware
app.use(cookieParser())

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